Alberta Policies Undermine Gender Violence Prevention in Schools

The recent ruling by the Supreme Court of Canada has raised significant concerns about the future of gender-based violence (GBV) prevention in Alberta’s education system. The court determined that mandatory minimum sentences for the possession or access of child sexual abuse material may be unconstitutional under certain circumstances. While this decision emphasizes the need for severe penalties for these crimes, it also highlights the broader implications of the governing policies led by Alberta Premier Danielle Smith.

Critics argue that Smith’s legislative agenda undermines GBV prevention efforts, particularly in schools. Research indicates that addressing the social conditions contributing to harm is more effective than intervening after violence occurs. Yet, Smith’s government has implemented policies that some advocates believe normalize gender-based inequality and limit essential education on sexual violence prevention.

In 2022, Alberta reported 9,131 offences related to online child sexual abuse material, a number that surged to 16,892 in 2023. These figures reflect only reported incidents, indicating a broader issue that remains inadequately addressed. Advocates argue for a shift in focus towards prevention rather than solely prosecution, calling for greater accountability from technology platforms and alternative justice models centered on survivors.

Understanding Gender-Based Violence in Alberta

Gender-based violence encompasses various forms of violence related to gender identity, expression, or perceived gender. This includes sexual violence and hate-motivated acts. The Alberta government’s definition of GBV acknowledges that homophobia and transphobia fall within this category, suggesting a need for comprehensive educational programs.

Effective primary prevention strategies are crucial. These approaches aim to reduce inequality and address root causes of GBV. Programs targeting traditional gender norms, homophobic teasing, and victim-blaming attitudes are essential to preventing initial victimization. School-based initiatives, including comprehensive sexual health education and support groups like gay-straight alliances (GSAs) and queer-straight alliances (QSAs), play a vital role in fostering a culture of respect and understanding.

Despite evidence supporting these educational strategies, Smith’s government has introduced measures that weaken GBV prevention in schools. The 10-year strategy announced in May to combat GBV appears contradictory when viewed alongside policies that perpetuate harmful stereotypes and limit educational content.

In Alberta, students from kindergarten to Grade 6 receive minimal exposure to 2SLGBTQIA+ identities, with only one lesson on the subject during Grade 3 physical education. Furthermore, the province has become the only one requiring parental consent for lessons on puberty, hygiene, and consent, raising concerns about the accessibility of vital sexual education.

Policy Implications and the Path Forward

Additional policies under Smith’s leadership complicate the landscape for gender identity and expression in schools. New regulations necessitate parental permission for trans youth to use their preferred names or pronouns, a measure that research shows could exacerbate mental health issues among these students. A study indicates that the ability to use a preferred name in various contexts could reduce suicidal behavior among trans youth by nearly 60%.

Despite these findings, Smith’s government continues to enforce policies that many experts warn may lead to irreparable harm for young people, especially concerning family dynamics and mental health. A recent ruling from Saskatchewan’s top court deemed similar name and pronoun policies as potentially harmful, indicating that Alberta’s approach may provoke similar criticisms.

Moreover, the government has moved to restrict gender-affirming healthcare for trans youth, framing this policy as a measure to protect future reproductive choices. Critics argue that this perspective reflects deep-seated misogyny and control over bodily autonomy, both of which are significant contributors to GBV. The ban on gender-affirming care outlined in Bill 26 has sparked legal disputes, with courts granting early injunctions to delay its implementation. Smith has signaled intent to invoke the notwithstanding clause to push through her anti-trans legislation, raising alarms about the rights of trans Albertans.

Without a robust commitment to effective prevention strategies, GBV is poised to grow, further straining already underfunded support systems for survivors. Advocates urge that legislative actions should genuinely reflect a commitment to preventing gender-based violence rather than merely addressing its aftermath.

As the discourse surrounding GBV continues to evolve, it remains crucial for politicians, educators, and communities to prioritize comprehensive strategies that support all individuals. Only through a collective effort can Alberta hope to foster an environment where everyone, regardless of gender identity, can feel safe and supported.