Nova Scotia Explores Small Modular Reactor Technology with Ontario

Nova Scotia’s government has taken a significant step towards exploring small modular reactor (SMR) technology by signing a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with Ontario. Premier Tim Houston, who recently assumed the role of energy minister, formalized this agreement with Ontario’s Minister of Energy and Mines, Stephen Lecce, on March 14, 2024. The MOU aims to facilitate the sharing of knowledge on various aspects of SMR development, including technological readiness, regulatory frameworks, supply chains, financing, and nuclear waste management.

During the announcement, Premier Houston emphasized the collaborative nature of the agreement, stating, “We will share knowledge and expertise… We’ll work together to engage with the federal government.” The partnership reflects a broader trend, as provinces such as New Brunswick, Saskatchewan, and Alberta have also signed similar agreements with Ontario.

The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission has noted that small modular reactors differ from traditional nuclear power plants in both size and energy output, boasting enhanced safety features. Ontario’s Darlington nuclear plant has been recognized as a project of national interest by Canada’s Prime Minister, with plans for expansion that could make Canada the first G7 nation to operate an SMR. This project, expected to connect to the grid by 2029, aims to provide clean energy to approximately 300,000 homes while creating around 200 operational jobs and 1,600 construction jobs.

In a related development, the federal and Ontario governments announced a combined investment of $3 billion to construct four small nuclear reactors in the Greater Toronto Area. Lecce remarked, “This is about value added to our Ontario ratepayers and taxpayers,” emphasizing a commitment to a clean energy vision that benefits all Canadians.

Despite the promising outlook, Premier Houston clarified that Nova Scotia is not prepared to implement SMR technology immediately. He stated, “At this stage we don’t have a contract to buy one. We haven’t committed any dollars towards it right now.” Houston expressed the need for Nova Scotia to be involved in the process to understand the potential benefits fully.

The response from the Official Opposition has been critical. NDP Leader Claudia Chender questioned the tangible benefits of such technology for Nova Scotians, stating, “It’s not going to help us with our energy mix. It’s not going to help us with our energy affordability, and we don’t see any jobs coming.” Chender characterized the announcement as another example of a “shiny” initiative that lacks concrete results.

Environmental groups have also voiced their concerns regarding the MOU and the implications of pursuing nuclear technology in Nova Scotia. Badia Nehme from the Ecology Action Centre criticized the initiative, suggesting it reflects “industrial greed” rather than a practical energy solution. Nehme argued that the province appears more focused on exporting energy solutions than addressing local needs.

Concerns about the environmental impact of SMRs remain prevalent, particularly regarding the management of irradiated fuel bundles. Nehme highlighted the long-term challenges of nuclear waste disposal, stating, “These projects require fuel bundles that are irradiated and then they have to be buried… especially with experimental technology, we need to make sure things are safe and that they prioritize communities, people, and the environment.”

Although SMRs are often presented as a clean energy alternative capable of reducing reliance on fossil fuels, critics argue that their implementation may not be suitable for densely populated regions like Nova Scotia. Keith Brooks, programs director with Environmental Defence Canada, expressed reservations about having an SMR in close proximity to residential areas but indicated a preference for renewable sources such as solar or wind energy.

As Nova Scotia embarks on this exploratory journey with Ontario, the future of SMR technology in the province remains uncertain. The government’s commitment to understanding this emerging energy source will be pivotal in determining whether it can play a role in Nova Scotia’s energy landscape.