Queen’s University Veterinarian Supports Canine Research in Hemophilia

KINGSTON — At Queen’s University, two terrier-type dogs named Croissant and Cosette are part of a research colony focused on hemophilia, a genetic bleeding disorder. These dogs, housed in facilities on campus, play a crucial role in advancing scientific understanding and treatment of the condition. The university has maintained this program since 1981, with a current population of 43 dogs specifically bred for research purposes.

The dogs are housed in Botterell Hall, situated approximately 150 metres from the Richardson Lab building, where their blood is analyzed to develop therapies for hemophilia. On a recent day, Croissant and Cosette were brought to the lab for a photo opportunity, allowing them to play with toys while researchers observed. Although the staff members who accompanied the dogs declined to comment on record, they expressed a sentiment that these animals are “pets away from home.”

Dr. Andrew Winterborn, Queen’s University veterinarian and director of animal care services, emphasized the importance of this research. In a statement to the Whig-Standard, he explained that the hemophilia study relies on “careful, non-invasive observation” of the dogs, who possess a naturally occurring genetic defect. Queen’s University aims to develop effective treatments and potentially a cure for hemophilia, which impacts over 4,200 Canadians.

According to a statement from Queen’s University, dogs that do not carry the genetic disorder are placed for adoption into local homes. Those with hemophilia receive high-quality care that meets or exceeds federal and provincial regulations. “Our research has directly contributed to the approval of two gene therapy products for hemophilia, now being used in human patients,” Winterborn noted.

Regulatory Oversight and Public Sentiment

The 43 dogs involved in the research represent just 0.14 percent of the total number of animals used in scientific research at Queen’s University in 2024. Overall, 30,602 animals were utilized across 116 research and teaching protocols, with the majority being rodents. The university’s website also outlines the levels of invasiveness experienced by these animals, indicating that 14.71 percent experienced little or no discomfort, while 1.51 percent faced severe pain.

The issue of using dogs in scientific research has gained attention following reports of animal treatment in Ontario. Premier Doug Ford recently expressed intentions to introduce legislation banning the use of dogs and cats in research, stating that these animals are “part of our families.” His comments came during a media event in London, Ontario, where he emphasized the cruelty of experimenting on pets.

In response to public concerns, a spokesperson for the Ontario government reiterated the commitment to animal welfare and highlighted existing regulations under the Animals for Research Act. This legislation mandates strict standards for the care of research animals, but critics argue that more oversight is necessary.

Dr. Winterborn acknowledged the public’s sensitivity to the use of companion animals in research. He defended the practice, stating that it provides critical insights into disease processes and treatments. Queen’s University is certified by the Canadian Council for Animal Care (CCAC), ensuring that their research adheres to ethical standards.

Debate Over Animal Research Ethics

The Animal Alliance of Canada has taken a strong stance against the use of dogs and cats in research. CEO Lia Laskaris noted that many Canadians are shocked to learn about the treatment of companion animals in scientific settings. She advocates for a shift in how research is conducted and emphasizes the importance of ethical considerations.

“Just because we can use them, doesn’t mean we should,” Laskaris stated. She pointed out that many other countries have reduced the use of animals in research, suggesting that Canada should follow suit. The organization has highlighted that a significant number of dogs and cats used in research facilities come from Ontario shelters, raising further ethical concerns.

Despite the ongoing debate, Dr. Winterborn maintains that animal research remains a vital component of scientific advancement. He cited the historical contributions of animal studies to both veterinary and human medicine, emphasizing that animals are used only when deemed the most appropriate model for research.

As discussions around animal welfare and scientific research continue to evolve, the future of canine involvement in research remains uncertain. While advocates for animal rights push for changes, researchers like Dr. Winterborn stress the critical role that animals play in advancing medical knowledge and treatments.