Study Links Vancouver’s ‘Street Sweeps’ to Increased Risks of Overdose and Violence

A recent study highlights the detrimental effects of Vancouver’s “street sweeps” on marginalized populations, revealing a significant association between the confiscation of personal belongings and heightened risks of non-fatal overdose and violence. The research, co-authored by Kanna Hayashi, who serves as the chair in substance use research at St. Paul’s Hospital and is an associate professor at Simon Fraser University, indicates that the practice of clearing makeshift residences from public spaces exacerbates the vulnerabilities of individuals experiencing homelessness.

Street sweeps involve city workers and park rangers removing tents, personal items, and harm reduction supplies from those sheltering in parks and on sidewalks. Although the study establishes correlation rather than causation, Hayashi asserts that the practice is inherently dangerous and places marginalized individuals at a greater risk of harm. The findings are set to be published in the journal Public Health.

Since 2008, Vancouver has implemented these sweeps, which Hayashi argues should come to an end. “No one should be sheltering outside. Homelessness is a symptom of failed or unjust policies,” she stated in an interview with The Tyee. “We shouldn’t criminalize people who have no other way to live.”

Researchers conducted interviews with 691 participants from December 2021 to May 2023, gathering data from various studies focused on high-risk populations. Among the 233 individuals who identified as homeless during the study period, nearly one-quarter reported having their belongings seized by city workers. Respondents expressed distress over losing personal items, medications, and irreplaceable artifacts. “Any items you need for your survival are taken,” Hayashi explained, emphasizing the difficulty of reclaiming confiscated possessions.

The City of Vancouver was approached for comments regarding potential changes to its strategy in light of the study’s revelations. However, the city did not provide a representative for an interview. Instead, a spokesperson issued a statement asserting that the city has a “legal responsibility to enforce the Street and Traffic bylaw and ensure public safety.” They also contested the term “street sweeps,” suggesting it inaccurately implies displacement.

In the context of overdose risk, the study revealed alarming statistics. Among participants who had experienced a street sweep in the past six months, 19 percent reported a non-fatal overdose. In contrast, only 12 percent of the 536 individuals who had not faced a street sweep reported similar experiences. Hayashi outlined two primary factors that increase overdose risk: the isolation that often follows a sweep, which diminishes access to lifesaving support, and the potential displacement from familiar environments and drug suppliers.

The study further indicated that more than one in four participants who had items confiscated reported experiencing violent victimization. While the study’s format limited the scope of inquiry, Hayashi noted that violence could stem from the street sweeps themselves or the resultant isolation.

Street sweeps also disrupt access to essential social services. Among the 94 participants who experienced these sweeps, over one-third reported unsuccessful attempts to access housing services, while just over one-quarter struggled to reach primary care clinics. This physical displacement exacerbates mobility issues, making it harder for individuals to find the help they need.

Hayashi suggested that the City of Vancouver should focus on providing long-term housing solutions instead of conducting sweeps. While temporary supportive housing exists, restrictions often limit accessibility for those actively using substances. She noted that without stable support, individuals frequently find themselves returning to the streets.

In response to the challenges posed by displacement, the Aboriginal Front Door Society has initiated a bin storage program that allows individuals to store their belongings securely. This program currently serves around 100 people daily but is facing capacity issues and has announced plans to downsize to accommodate a winter shelter. Long-term funding is essential for the sustainability of such initiatives.

The findings of this study underscore the urgent need for policy reform in Vancouver that prioritizes the well-being of its most vulnerable residents. As the city grapples with homelessness and its associated challenges, a shift towards compassionate and supportive strategies could significantly improve outcomes for those affected.