US Labels Two Ecuadorian Gangs as Foreign Terrorist Organizations

The United States has officially designated two Ecuadorian gangs, Los Lobos and Los Choneros, as foreign terrorist organizations. This announcement was made by U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio during his visit to Ecuador on March 15, 2024. This designation represents a significant escalation in the Trump administration’s efforts to combat drug trafficking and related violence in Latin America.

The gangs have been implicated in a surge of violence in Ecuador, particularly since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Rubio noted that this designation provides “all sorts of options” for the U.S. government to collaborate with Ecuadorian authorities in addressing these security threats. He emphasized the necessity of a coordinated approach to tackle the ongoing challenges posed by these criminal organizations.

Military Actions and Regional Response

Rubio’s trip to Ecuador follows a series of military actions by the U.S. aimed at disrupting drug trafficking networks in the region. Just days before, he engaged in discussions with Mexican leaders after a U.S. military strike targeted a vessel linked to the Tren de Aragua gang in the Caribbean. The military operation resulted in the deaths of 11 individuals and was justified by Rubio as a necessary measure to eliminate an “immediate threat” to U.S. interests.

The strike elicited mixed reactions across Latin America. While some leaders refrained from outright condemnation, there were calls for respect of national sovereignty and caution against potential U.S. military overreach. Ramón de la Fuente, Mexico’s Foreign Affairs Secretary, underscored the importance of peaceful conflict resolution during a press briefing with Rubio.

Ecuador has its own pressing issues with narcotics trafficking, and the U.S. administration has expressed interest in establishing agreements for the deportation of non-Ecuadorian migrants from the U.S. to Ecuador. President Daniel Noboa acknowledged Rubio’s efforts in combating terrorism, stating that the U.S. is a vital partner in addressing these complex challenges.

Escalating Violence and Drug Trafficking Trends

According to the latest United Nations World Drug Report, Ecuador has experienced a dramatic increase in cocaine trafficking and related violence. The report highlights that the country has become an essential transit point for drug cartels, particularly as operations expand in the region.

Violence linked to drug trafficking has surged in Ecuador, driven by organized crime groups that exploit the nation’s lucrative banana industry, the largest in the world. Approximately 6.5 million metric tons of bananas are exported annually, making shipping containers an ideal method for smuggling drugs.

The geopolitical landscape surrounding drug trafficking has shifted, particularly following the disbandment of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) in 2016. As Colombian drug cultivation has moved closer to the Ecuadorian border, local gangs have become increasingly involved in the cocaine trade. This development has heightened concerns about the stability of Ecuador and its ability to manage the influx of violence.

Rubio’s visit also aimed to address Ecuador’s growing ties with China, seeking to promote a more balanced foreign policy for the South American nation. The U.S. has expressed concerns over Ecuador’s reliance on Chinese investments and influence, emphasizing the importance of maintaining strategic partnerships in the region.

As the Trump administration continues its assertive stance against drug-related violence and terrorism, the situation in Ecuador remains critical. The designation of these gangs as foreign terrorist organizations marks a pivotal moment in U.S.-Ecuador relations and underscores the ongoing battle against transnational crime in Latin America.