Canada Mandates Higher Vitamin D Levels in Milk and Margarine

Health Canada has announced new regulations requiring increased fortification of vitamin D in cow’s milk and margarine, set to take effect by December 31, 2025. This change aims to address widespread vitamin D deficiencies among Canadians and will nearly double the current amount of vitamin D in these products.

Vitamin D plays a crucial role in maintaining strong bones by regulating calcium levels in the blood. It also supports the nervous and immune systems. Although the body can produce vitamin D through sunlight exposure, many Canadians struggle to obtain adequate levels, particularly during the winter months when sunlight is limited. Foods such as fatty fish, egg yolks, and certain mushrooms are also sources of vitamin D, in addition to supplements.

According to Mark Johnson, a spokesperson for Health Canada, about one in five Canadians have inadequate vitamin D levels, with one in ten at risk of deficiency. “A vitamin D deficiency can have serious health consequences,” he stated, noting the potential for conditions like rickets in children and osteomalacia, which is the softening of bones, in adults.

Symptoms of vitamin D deficiency can vary. In children, it may manifest as weak or painful muscles, while adults might experience fatigue, bone pain, and mood changes. Certain health conditions, such as Crohn’s disease or obesity, can complicate vitamin D absorption, making the new fortification regulations even more critical.

Mandatory Changes in Fortification

The revised regulations will apply to all types of cow’s milk, including fluid, powdered, and evaporated versions, as well as goat’s milk and margarine. In 2022, Health Canada introduced a strategic plan to fortify these foods, which will now include higher levels of vitamin D. The changes will not only impact cow’s milk but will also extend to plant-based alternatives. Starting in 2022, fortified plant-based beverages will be allowed to match the new vitamin D levels specified for cow’s milk.

Johnson emphasized, “Fortified milk used in these products must contain the new level of vitamin D by December 31.” This ensures that consumers of both dairy and plant-based milk will receive adequate vitamin D, addressing public health concerns more comprehensively.

As for those who prefer non-dairy options, the regulations indicate that fortified plant-based beverages are also being aligned with the new standards. This is particularly important as many consumers choose these alternatives for health or dietary reasons.

Health and Safety Considerations

Health Canada has reassured consumers that the new fortification levels will not lead to excessive vitamin D intake. The tolerable upper intake level for vitamin D ranges from 2,500 IU per day for young children to 4,000 IU for individuals aged nine and older. “Most people following Health Canada’s recommendations for vitamin D intake do not need to reduce their supplementation,” Agnes Malkinson of Health Canada stated.

For individuals taking high-dose supplements, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider to assess their specific needs. Health Canada will continue to monitor vitamin D intake and deficiency rates among Canadians to evaluate the effectiveness of these new regulations.

The implementation of these mandatory changes represents a significant step in public health initiatives aimed at improving nutritional standards across the country. With the deadline approaching, the Canadian food industry is preparing to comply with the new regulations to ensure that all consumers can benefit from enhanced vitamin D fortification in essential dietary items.