UN Report Warns AI Could Widen Global Wealth Disparities

A new report from the United Nations Development Program highlights the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to exacerbate existing economic inequalities between rich and poor nations. Released on July 25, 2023, the report emphasizes that unless strategic measures are implemented, the benefits of AI will primarily accrue to wealthier countries, leaving the most disadvantaged behind.

The report draws parallels to the “Great Divergence” of the industrial revolution, which saw rapid advancements in Western nations while others struggled to keep pace. It underscores concerns regarding how AI will affect employment, particularly for those in low-skilled jobs that are vulnerable to automation. The focus has predominantly been on AI’s potential for enhancing productivity and economic growth, but the authors argue that the more pressing issue is its impact on human lives.

Many communities still face significant challenges in accessing essential services such as education, electricity, and internet connectivity. The report notes that marginalized populations, including the elderly and those displaced by conflict or climate change, may be further overlooked in an increasingly data-driven world.

“As a general-purpose technology, AI can lift productivity, spark new industries, and help latecomers catch up,” the report states. It points to potential applications of AI that could benefit rural areas, such as improved agricultural advice, rapid medical diagnostics, and enhanced weather forecasting. These capabilities could lead to more equitable decision-making concerning poverty and health risks, ultimately fostering greater resilience in vulnerable communities.

Despite these opportunities, the report acknowledges serious concerns in wealthier nations, including the environmental impact of data centers that consume vast amounts of electricity and water. Increasing power generation to meet this demand may hinder efforts to reduce carbon emissions associated with climate change.

The report also addresses ethical and cybersecurity issues surrounding AI technology. Researchers have discovered that cybercriminals are leveraging AI to automate certain aspects of cyberattacks, while deepfake technology raises alarms regarding misinformation and criminal activities.

In Asia, countries such as China, Japan, South Korea, and Singapore are well-positioned to capitalize on AI advancements, whereas nations like Afghanistan, the Maldives, and Myanmar face significant obstacles due to lack of skills and reliable infrastructure. The report highlights that around a quarter of the Asia-Pacific region lacks online access, raising concerns that millions may be excluded from the digital economy without concerted efforts to bridge these gaps.

If these disparities are not addressed, many individuals may find themselves “stranded on the wrong side of an AI-driven global economy.” The risks associated with AI also extend to privacy violations and biased algorithms that could further marginalize vulnerable groups.

To mitigate these risks, the report emphasizes the need for transparent and effective regulations. It asserts that governments must invest in digital infrastructure, education, and training to ensure fair competition and social protections.

“AI is becoming the region’s next essential infrastructure, like power, roads, and schools,” the report concludes, urging that the goal should be to democratize access to AI. This would enable every nation and community to reap the benefits of this transformative technology while safeguarding those most at risk from its disruptive potential.